- fla'ta'ã' jxYr;ak
ì%;dkH ;drld úµd ix.ufha idudðl

hï u;hla fyda hï o¾Ykhla fyda hï Ydia;%hla fyda i;Hhla jkqfha th ls%hd;aul l< yelalla kï muKs' th ls%hd;aul l< yelalla kï th Ndú;fha fhÈh yelalls' th Ndú;fha fhÈh yels kï thska ukqIH m%cdjg jevodhl fiajdjla ,nd .; yel' fuys úf,dauh .;fyd;a ukqIH m%cdjg hulska jevodhl fiajdjla ,nd .ekSug kï th Ndú;fha fhÈh yelalla úh hq;=h' th Ndú;fha fh§ug kï th ls%hdldÍ úh hq;=h' th ls%hdldÍ jkafka kï th i;Hhla úh hq;=h' iq<x yeóu hkq i;Hhls' th i;Hhla jkafka th ieneúka ls%hd;aul jk neúks' tys ls%hdldÍ;ajh we;af;a th Ndú;fha fhfok neúks' th Ndú;fha fhfoa kï th ukqIHhdg m%fhdackj;a fohls' ukao iq<x fkdyud ;snqfKa kï fmdf<djg jefgk iQ¾hh ;dmh iukh fkdjk neúka Ôùkag fmdf<dj u; Ôj;a úh fkdyels neúks' ? oj,a we;sùu" we, fod< .xÕd .,d neiSu wd§ iajNdúl lreKq muKla fkdj ñksid úiska lD;s%uj W;amdo lrf.k we;s lreKq o fuu kshdu O¾uhg wkqju ls%hd;aul jk neõ úuis,af,ka tfoi ne,Sfï§ fmkS hkakls' fukhska fcHd;sIh ukqIHhdg jevodhl úIhhla jkafka th Ndú;fha fhÈh yels kï muKs' th Ndú;fha fhÈh yelafla th ls%hdldÍ jkakla kï muKs' th ls%hdldÍ jkakla kï th i;Hhla jkafkah'

wmg t;rï ÿrÈ. fkdf.diau fcHd;sIh hkq ls%hdldÍ Ydia;%hla o hkak úNd. lr ne,sh yel' fcHd;sIh uq¿ukskau msysgqjd we;af;a iajNdj O¾uh .ek wkdjels mejiSu mdol lrf.kh' fcHd;sIh tys wkdjels mejiSfï moku jYfhka Ndú;d lrkafka wdldYia: jia;+kaf.a p,s;hka yd tajdfha idfmaCI msysàuh' wdldYia: jia;+ka lSjdg fcHd;sIhfha Ndú; flfrkqfha" tys úIh m:h jkqfha fi!r.%y uKav,hg iy ysre rdYs pl%hg wh;a Bkshd ;drld rdYs 12 la muKs'

±kg ,eî we;s idCIsj,g wkqj jir ;=ka oyilg muK fmr isg wo olajdu mej; tkakd jQ fcHd;sIh woo isákqfha uQ,sl jYfhka ñka jir ;=ka oylg muK fmr mej;s ;;a;ajfhauh' lKqj jgd muKla .ufka fhfok wd.ñl uQ,O¾u fuka fcHd;sIh hkqo lKqj jgd muKla .uka lrkq ,nk Bkshd úµdjls' tksidu fcHd;sIh jQl,S lsisod bÈßhg fkdhk lsisod ÈhqKq fkdjk Ydia;%hls' tys wls%hdldÍ;ajh fmkakqï lrk m%:u idCIsh thhs'

fojk lreK jkqfha ysre rdYs pl%h ms<sn| ienE ;;a;ajhhs' fïI" jdIN" ñ:qk" lgl fï wE jYfhka ;drld rdYs 12 la iajlSh moku jYfhka f.k fcHd;sIh úiska iuia;h lsrd uek n,hs' fcHd;sI{hska is;df.k bkafka rdYs .eiqk ;drld uKav, wyfia we; hkak yd fmdf<dj jgd wxYl 360 l wyia mrdihl hf:dala; ;drld rdYs 12 msysgd we; hkakh' fuu woyi u.ska èjks; jkqfha wfklla fkdjñka j¾I ;=ka oyilg muK fmr isg ksõgkaf.a ld, iSudjka olajd jia;+kaf.a" p,khka ms<sn| i;Hh y÷kd .ekSug ;snQ fkdyelshdj iy p,s;h ms<sn|j ;snQ w,am ±kqfï fodaxldrhhs' tfy;a kùk ;drld úµdkql+,j n,k úg rdYs .eiqk ;drld fmdl=re fyda ysre rdYs pl%h hkqfjka folla fyda iajNdj O¾uh ;=< ienúkau ke;' ;re rdYs jYfhka fyda ysre rdYs pl%h jYfhka fyda fmfkkakd jQ ixisoaêh yqÿ oDYH ixisoaêhla muKs' WodyrKhla jYfhka ysre rdYs pl%hg iïnkaO jk jvd WÑ; rdYs folla f.k úNd. lr n,uq' fcñks fyj;a ñ:qk m%Odk ;drld iy tajdfha isg fmdf<djg we;s ÿr m%udKhka my; olajk whqreh'

îgd fmd,laia - wdf,dal j¾I 35
we,amd leiag¾ - wdf,dal j¾I 45
.eud ´,aySkd - wdf,dal j¾I 105
uHq áceÜ - wdf,dal j¾I 160
tmaihsf,daka fuíiqgd - wf,dal j¾I 1080

jYfhks' wf,dal j¾Ihla hkq ls'ó' 9'4607 x 1012 n,hla fyj;a wdikak jYfhka 9 b,lalu w.g ìkaÿ 12 la fhÿk ixLHdj fõ'

,s´ fyj;a isxy rdYsfhys we;s m%Odk ;drld iy tajdfha isg fmdf<djg we;s ÿr m%udKhka fufiah'

we,amd fr.Hq,ia - wdf,dal j¾I 84"
.eud we,aðnd - wdf,dal j¾I 190
îgd äksfnda,d - wdf,dal j¾I 43"
fv,agd fIdIaud - wdf,dal j¾I 82
tmaihsf,daka widâ ´iafÜ%,sia - wdf,dal j¾I 340 jYfhks'

fï wkqj fcHd;sI{hska úiska is;df.k isák mßÈ ;drld rdYshla jYfhka fmkS hk o¾Ykh ieneúkau tfia mj;skakla fkdjk neõ Wla; ÿr m%udKhka wkqj ii|d ne,Sfï§ mdGlhdg fyd¢ka wjfndaO fõ' fuh myiqfjka wjfndaO lr.; yels WodyrKhla my; olajñ' úÿ,s myka lKq isgqjd wdf,dalu;a jQ uyd ud¾.hl rd;S% ld,fha§ Tn fudag¾ r:hlska .uka lr n,kak' ud¾.fha wE; bÈßfhka f,dl= jx.=jla ;sfnk ia:dkhla ie,ls,a,g .kak' ud¾.fha wE; isák Tng fmfkkqfha t<sh fmdl=rls' tfy;a Tn jx.=jg wj;S¾K jQ úg t<sh fmdl=r úisr f.dia idudkHfhka iudk ÿrlska isgqjd we;s ,hsÜ lKq Tng fmkS hkjd we;' tneúka wE;§ Tn ÿgq t<sh fmdl=r jkdys i;Hhla fuka weia folg fmkS hk wi;Hhls' ;re rdYs jYfhka fmfkkqfhao tjeks i;Hhka fuka o¾Ykh jk wi;Hhkah' tfy;a fcHd;sIh iajlSh Ndú;fha§ fuu wi;Hh i;Hhla jYfhka olS' th fcHd;sIfha wlS%hdldÍ;ajh fmkakqï lrk fojk idCIshhs'

yqÿ oDYH ixisoaêhla jk ysre rdYs pl%hg idfmaCIj .ksñka fcHd;sI{hska úiska wyi wxYl 360 l fldaKsl mrdihla jYfhka i<lñkao" rdYs folla w;r wjldY mrdih wxYl 30 lg fnod fjka lro we;' fcHd;sI{hskag kùk ;drld úµdj ms<sn| fuf,da yirla fkdue; hkak fuu idjµ .Kkh lsÍï wdYs%; p¾hdjka u.ska fudkjg Tmamq fõ' fcHd;sI{hska is;d f.k isákafka iQ¾hhd iy mDÓúh jgd wyfia wxYl 360 la jQ jD;a;dldr mrdihl hf:dala; ;re rdYs 12 msysgd we;s fihls' Tjqka is;d isákqfha mDÓúh o iQ¾hhd jgd .uka lrk neõh' tfy;a i;Hh jkqfha fmdf<dj iajlSh p,s;fha§ wyfia tla jrla miq l< ,CIhlg kej; lsisod fkdtk njh' hfula iQ¾h flakaøsl rduqjlg idfmaCIj th ;=< isr ù wdldYia: jia;+ka mßCId lsÍfï§ olskqfha fcda;sI{hska úiska olsk fohuh' ksõgkag mjd bka Tíng ±lSug fkdyels úh' ukao iQ¾h.%y uKav,h isÿ lrk tys ilajf,ys p,s;h .ek ±kSula ksõgkag fkd;snQ ksidh' mDÓúh iQ¾hhd jgd isÿ lrk jD;a;dldr fyda b,smaidldr p,s;hla iy mDÓúh jgd jD;a;dldr wyia mrdihl msysá ysre rdYs pl%hla i;Hhla fia fcHd;sI{hskag fmkS hkqfha mDÓúh we;=<;a iQ¾h.%y uKav,h ieneúka ilajf,ys isÿ lrk p,s; iy bka tydg isÿ lrk p,s;khka .ek Tjqka ieneúkau fkdokakd ksidh' lsisu wdldYia: jia;=jlg jD;a;dldr fyda b,smaidldr p,s;hka fkdue;s neõ Tjqka fkdokakd ksidh' fuh fcHd;sIfha wlS%hdldÍ;ajh fmkakqï lrk f;jk idCIshhs'

±ka wm ore Wm;la fmdf<dfõ isÿ jk úg tu fõ,djg Wod ù ;sfnk ;re rdYsh mdol lrf.k flakaøhla fyj;a y|ykla fcHd;sI{hd úiska idok wkaou úNd. lr n,uq' hï Èkl hï fõ,djl orefjl= WmÈk úg ta fõ,dfõ§ Wod ù ;snqfKa ñ:qk rdYsh hhs is;kak' ñ:qk rdYsh Wod ù we;s neõ hkak weia folg fmkS hk fohls' tfy;a i;Hh tho@ ñ:qk rdYshg wh;a m%Odk ;drld myla we;s nj ±ka Tn okakd fohls' tajdg we;s ÿr m%udKo Tn okakd fohls' tfy;a ñ:qk rdYsh Wod ù we;s nj weia folg fmkS .sh;a t;ek ñ:qk rdYsh ke;' i;Hh kï ñ:qk rdYsfha tla ;drldjla t;ek ;sî we;af;a ore Wm;g j¾I 35 lg l,sks' wfkla ;drld" j¾I 45" 105" 160" 1080 hkdÈ jYfhka jQ w;S;fha§ t;ek ;sî we;s ;drldh' ;drld hkq" b;d fõ.fhka p,s; jk jia;+ka jk neúka Wla; ;drld tllaj;a orejd WmÈk fõ,dfõ t;ek we;af;a ke;' ;drldjlg we;s ÿr ms<sn| wdf,dal j¾I .Kkg wkqj tajdhska ksl=;a jQ wdf,dalh fmdf<dj lrd meñKSug ta ta j¾I .Kk .;fõ' tneúka flakaøhla ke;akï y|ykla jYfhka .Kka idod fcHd;sI{fhl= úiska ksIamdokh flfrkqfha i;Hhla fkdj ukia.d;hls' fuh fcHd;s{fha wlS%hdldÍ;ajh fmkakqï lrk isõjeks idCIshhs'

ukqIH Ñka;kfha iajNdjh jkqfha tlla miq mi ;fjlla jYfhka isÿùï isÿjk úg fojk isÿùug mdol jQfha m<uq jk isÿùuh hkak úYajdi lsÍuh' fuh we;eï úg ksjerÈ úh yelsh' we;eï úg jerÈ úh yelsh' fuu jro ms<sn| ,;ska nfiys lSula we;s th fufiah' "Post boc, crgo Propter boc" (Following this, therefore because of this) fukhska fcHd;sIfha m%Odk uQ,O¾uh .ek lSug we;s m%Odk m%ldYh jkqfha tu.ska lrk wkdjels f,dalh ;=< tfiau isÿjk njg lsisu ms<s.;a iy;slhla fkdue;s neõh' fuh ;yjqre jk ft;sydisl WodyrK lsysmhla Èh yelsh' j¾I 1186 § tjlg ±kf.k ;snQ ish¨u .%yf,dal ;=,d rdYsh fl,ska ia:dk.; úh' fcHd;sIh Ydia;%dkql_,j ;=,d hkq jd;hg wêm;shd jk neúka fcHd;sI{hska úiska m%ldY lf<a w;s úYd, yßflaka l=Kdgqjla yud f,dal úkdYh isÿjk njhs'

c¾uksfha ñksiaiq l=Kdgqfjka fíÍu msKsi j<j,a lmd tajdg neiafidah' lekagnßfha wd¾É ìfIdma m%ldYhla lrñka l=Kdgqjg ms<shula jYfhka wdydr .ekSfuka je<lS Wmjdihla lrk fuka ck;djg ±kqï ÿkafkah' nhsika;shï ud,s.h jgd Wia ;dmam ne| th wdjrKhla we;s lrk ,§' uE; fmrÈ. jeisfhda .=yd iy ìx f.j,a ;=<g jkay' tfy;a lsisjla isÿ fkdùu .%yfhda úisr .sfhdah'

j¾I 1524 § fuf,i ish¨u .%yfhda l=ïN rdYsh t,af,a ia:dk.; jQy' l=ïN jkdys c,hg wêm;shd jYfhka fcHd;sIfhys ie<fla' fcHd;sI{hska m%ldY lf<a fojk uyd c, .e,aula isÿjk njhs' tfy;a isÿ jQ lsisjla ke;' ta tl,h' ful, isÿ jQ isÿùï lsysmhla .ek wmf.a úpdrdCIsh fhduq lruq' j¾Ihla mdidu fcHd;sI{hska úiska ta rgj,a iy fmdÿfõ iuia: f,dalh i|yd m,dm, úia;rhla m%isoaêhg m;a lr;a' tfy;a bkaÈhdfõ isÿ jQ rðõ .dkaê >d;kh" tys isÿ jQ N+ñ lïmd" brdkfha isÿ jQ uyd N+ñlïmdj" iqkdñ jHikh" wefußldfõ f,dal fjf<| uOHia:dkh úkdY lsÍu wd§ f,dalfha m%Odk isÿùï .ek f,dalfha lsisu fcHd;sI{fhla tajd isÿùug fmrd;=j ÿgqfõ ke;' fuh fcH;sIfha wlS%hdldÍ;ajh fmkakqï lrk miajk idCIshhs'

fcHd;sIfha wlS%hdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| fuu idCIs my u.ska Rcqj Tmamq jkafka fcHd;sIh hkq ñ:Hdjlah hkakh' tneúka thska ck;djg jk fyda ck;djg l< yels lsisÿ fiajhla ke;' lK.dgqodhl lreK jkafka furg idudkH ck;dj ;nd rch o fcHd;sIh miq mi ÿjk Èú,a,h'