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uydpd¾h fviauka u,a,sldrÉÑ
mrdl%u fldä;=jlal= ldjH rpkd m%;sNdj ksidfjka f.!rjhg md;% jq l,dlrefjls' Tyqf.a fmdä u,a,sfha" wlSlre mq;%fhl=f.a f,dalh" w¨;a ñksfila weú;a" wd§ 70 oYlfha ldjH ixl,amkd fukau rYañ" foúhkaf.a ñksiqka" Èú ux yr ux wdÈ 90 oYlfha fndfyduhla rpkdjka mrdl%u i;= l=i,;dj fmkajhs'
tfy;a mrdl%u kue;s m%;sNdmq¾K lsú÷ka ;=< ;j;a .%duH ñksfila o isá nj ud oek.;af;a isrfiys —fl<ska l:dj˜ jev igyfka § m,l< woyia ;=<sks' iafjda;aiyfhka f.dvk.d .;a ke;skï —fl<ska lr.;a˜ Tyqf.a fm!reIh Tyq úiska u fl<ska l:dfõ § —weo" lr.;a nj ug yeÕS .sh fyhska ioaNdjhlska hq;=j fuu igyk ;eîug uu ;SrKh lf<ñ'
mrdl%u iuÕ uf.a fl<ska l:dj §¾> f,i l< hq;= jqj o mqj;amf;ys bv m%udKh i,ld th fláfhka olajñ' isrfiys fl<ska l:dfjka mrdl%u m, l< —weo˜ woyia lsysmhlg mdGl wjOdkh fhduq lrñ'
1' mrdl%u m%;sNdmq¾K lúfhl= jqj o ldjH fCIa;%hg msúiSug m;a;rj, iydh m;k ,dnd, tfy;a oCI ks¾udKlrejka j wmydihg iy Wmydihg ,la lf<a —m;a;rj, m<jkafka fudavhska f.a lú"zz hehs i|yka lrñks' lúh m%;sNdmq¾K ks¾udKhla jkqfha th m<jk udOHh u;h hkak mrdl%u f.a fuys uq,sl ms,s.ekSuhs' Tyqg wkqj lrk iy lúhg iqÿiq tlu udOHh .%ka: udOHhs' lúhla fyd| lúhla jkafka túghs' m;a;rj, m<jk lú fudavhska f.a lú jkqfha fuu ks¾Kdhlhg fkdjefgk fyhsks' m;a;r ;dCIKh fkdue;s jq 9 fjks 10 fjks Y; j¾Ij, § ;u m%;sNdmq¾K ixl,amkdjka iS.sß ì;a;sj, l=regq l< wh tajd .%ka: u.ska bÈßm;a fkdl< fyhska mrdl%ug wkqj Tjqka fudavhska f.;a fudavhska úh hq;=h' tfy;a fikr;a mrKú;dk;a fjk;a úoaj;=kq;a l=regq .S iqúfYaI jq;a m%;sNdmq¾K jq;a udkj ksIamdokhka f,i uq¿ f,djgu yÿkajd fokq ,enqy' tu ksid m;a;rj,g lú ,shk wh fudavhska f,i y÷kajd §u foafõIfhka lshq l:djla hehs ug isf;a' .%ka:hlska ish ixl,amkd bÈßm;a lsÍug j;alula ke;s tfy;a ldjHuh l=i,;djka msgdr .,k whg msysg jkqfha m;a;rhs' Y%S ,xldfõ muKla fkdj cd;Hka;r ;;a;ajh o fufia hs' fuu ir, lreK mrdl%uf.ka .s¨yqfKa fkd oekqj;alug fkdjkafka Tyqf.a uq,a moH rpkdj, ;snq m%.;sYs,s woyia ie,ls,a,g .kakd úghs' wer;a" m%;sNdmq¾K w.kd lú Èkm;d m;a;rj,ska ud lshjd we;' tu ksid m;a;rj, m, jk lú fudavhska f.a lú hehs wjuka lsÍu mrdl%u jekafkl=g fkdiEfyk w;r tfia lsÍfuka isÿ jkqfha ldjH fCIa;%hg msúiSug l=i,;d we;s whf.a m%;sNdjka ;sôßf.ys§u úkdY lsÍula iy thg wkqn, §uls'
2' lúh yefrkakg fjk;a l,d udOHhla ke; hkak iDcqj;a jl%j;a mrdl%u mejeiq ;j;a —weozz l:djls' lúfhl= lúh Tijd ;eîu ug f;areï .; yelsh' tfy;a fjk;a l,d udOHhkag wjuka lsÍu fyda tajd wj;lafiare lsÍu fyda ta l,d m%ldr ish,a,u lúhg ,>q lsÍu wkqu; l< fkdyelsh' Ñ;% Ys,amh" ix.S;h" m%;sud Ys,amh iy .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh o" l,d udOHhka h' tajd o lúh ;rï u fyda ke;skï iuyr ks¾udK lúhg;a jvd .eUqre rid{;djhlska hq;= mqÿu M<jk iq¿ udkj ksmehqïh' Ñ;% Ys,amh ^vdúkaÑ" re*dh,a" frïn%dkaÜ" .f;a" jEka f.da" msldfida" ie,ajfoda vd,s&" ix.S;h ^ìf;dajka" fudidÜ" fpdmEka" n%yïia" rú Yxl¾" flauodi&" kdgH ^uelan;a" yqKqjgfha l;dj"& iskud mg ^Tmq¾ ixid¾" fvdlag¾ Ysjdf.da" rfIdaudka& wd§ udkj l,d ksIAmdok ish,a,u mrdl%u lúhla f,i olsk w;r ta ish,a,u Tyq n,kafka lúhg ,>q lr lúh muKla l,d ks¾udK fCIa;%fha by<g ia:dk.; lsÍugh' fuys i;Hhla fukau" nerEreï f,i is;sh hq;= lreKq o we;' i;Hhla jkqfha mrdl%u .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh lúhg idfmaCIj wj;lafiare l< uq;a" .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha uk n¢k pu;aldr ks¾udK ^gÊ uy,a" mDÜ - bf.da" uq¾;s iy Ñ;% fuka u ix.S;h o lúhg fok w¾:h Wv lúhla f,i ie,lsh yels fyhsks' gÊuy,a ks¾udKh tla fi!kao¾h fõÈfhla ksjerÈj ye¢kajqfha —ñÿKq ix.S;hla (Frozen Music) f,I h' gÊuy,a fyda mDÜ - bf.da ^Pruitt - Igoe& .Dy ks¾udK ixlS¾Kh fyda msldfida f.a —.=jksldzz wlsrd l=frdafidajd f.a —uoodfhdazz fyda flauodi f.a zzw.akszz ixèjksh lú f,i tla;rd w¾:hlska yeÈkaúh yels uq;a by; l,d udOHhkag lú l,d udOHfhka fjkia jq iy iqúfYaI jQ wkkH;djka iy m%ldYkhka fuka u b;sydihka o we;' tu ksid tajd lúhg W!Kkh lsÍu fhda.H fkdfõ' wer;a lúh Tijd ;eîu i|yd tajdfha wkkH;dj is£u fkdl, hq;a;la fukau th iodpdr úfrdaëh'
3' wks;a w;g fN!;sljdoh iy udlaiajdoh ms<sn|j Tyq oErE woyia .%dóh h' Tyqg wkqj —udlaiajdoh lúhla fkdfõ' th fN!;sljdohla' fN!;sljd§kag lú ,shkak neye' lú ,shkak wOHd;auhla ;sfhkak ´kEzz
i;a;lskau Tõ' udlaiajdoh lúhla ^Poem& fkdfjhs' th m%fhda.sl o¾Ykhla iy jevms<sfj,la' mrdl%ug wkqj lúh wOHd;aufhka m%Njh ,nkakla kï wksjd¾hfhkau udlaiajdoh lúhla úh fkdyelafla udlaia ú{dKsl l%shdj,sh fN!;slfha m%ldrhla f,i ms<s.;a; o wOHd;auh mQ¾K jYfhka u m%;sCIam l< fyhsks' tfy;a mrdl%u udlaiajdoh lúhla fkdfjhs lshkafka uf.a w¾:fhka fkdj —fN!;sljd§kag lú ,shkak neyezz hk moku u;hs' fuys m%;s.uHh kï lúfhl=g fN!;sljdÈfhla ^fyda udlaiajdÈfhl=& úh fkdyelsh hkakhs' ug isf;k wkaoug mrdl%u m%;sNdj iy wdOHd;aujdoh (spiritualism) mg,jd f.k we;' lúh wOHd;aujdÈfhl=g muKla whs;s foafmd<la fkdfõ' thg fya;=j m%;sNdjg jdia;úl$úIhnoaO mokula o we;s fyhsks' fufia oeÍfuka uu m%;sNdj m%;sCIam fkdlrñ' m%;sfCIam lrkqfha m%;sNdfjys wOHd;aujd§ moku muKs' iqm%isoaO m¾ishdkq cd;sl lúhl=jq ´ud¾ Lhshdï fN!;sljdÈfhla iy f,daldh;jdÈfhls'
—fkd bmÿKq fygla
ñheÿkq w;S;hla
,e;eùu lsuo @
wo rij;a kï"
Lhshdï ;=< udlaia f.a fuka mßK; fN!;sljdohla ud fkdolsk uq;a Lhshdï fN!;sljd§ lúfhla' tu ksid fN!;sljd§kag lú ,shkak neye hkak Lhshdï ish rEnhshdÜ fmd;ska m%;sfCIam lr we;'
4' B<Õg udlaia kue;s mßK; fN!;sljd§ lúhd foig yefruq' udlaia f.a ldjH l=i,;dj fndfyda fokd fkdoks;s' f,dalh ms<sn|j ;:H o¾Ykhla fkdue;sj lúh iy l,dj whdf,a wßkakkag udlaia keu;s ;reK fN!;sl jdÈhd f.a lú fidhdf.k yeoeÍu já'
wd,jka; frdaudka;sl woyia ;reK udlaia ;=< o my<ùu iajdNdúlh' tfy;a Tyqf.a woyia ish wdorjka;sh jq fcksg iy mshdg uqod yeßfï tl m%n, udOHhla jqfha lúhhs' wdor lú o¾Yksl .eUqrlska hq;=j ,sùug udlaia ;=< ;snqfKa mqÿu oCI;djhls' udlaia l,djg" lúhg" ix.S;hg' iy kdgHhg oeä f,i m%sh l< tfukau udkj j¾.hdg w;sYhskau fma%u l< W;a;ß;r ñksfils' ;reK udlaia lú rdYshla ,shd we;' tajdhska lsysmhla iÕrdj, m< jq wjia:d o we;' fcksg ,shq fndfydauhla lú ixl,amkd fm!oa.,sl ùu;a" miqj ish Ôú;hg iy udkj j¾.hdg mq¿,a foaYmd,k w¾:hla §fï woyiska lúfhka we;a jqj o Tyq m%;sNdmq¾K fN!;sljdÈ lúfhls' (Dichttung) fyj;a (Poetry) hk ysiska ish mshdg msßkeuq lú tl;=j fuhg fydou ksoiqkls' ^udlaia iy tx.,aia lD;sfhka 1' 603&
mrdl%ug wkqj lú ,shfjkqfha wdOHd;aufhks' tfy;a fN!;sljdohg ixiaÓ;sl fjñka udlaia wjOdrKh lf<a —lúfhl=g m%;sNdjka weúf,kqfha msg;ska nj h' lúhd úiska tajd fmdaIKh l< hq;= hzz ^udlaia i;H jYfhkau lf<a o fuhhs' ndysr f,dalfha fjkia ùfï fudfyd;j,a —Ndj .S; ufkda Ndjh (Lyrical mood) w;r we;s iajNdúl iïnkaOh ish mshdg ,shq ,shqul i|yka fjkafka —tjeks fudfyd;l ´keu mqoa.,hl= Ndj .S;uh ;;a;ajhlg m;a fõ' Bg fya;=j kï iEu fjkia ùula u''' §ma;su;a j¾Kj,ska ieriS u;= ùug ;;kk ùr ldjHhl (Epic) wjidk yxi .S;h fyda m%drïN jdokh njg m;a fõ˜ ^udlaia 1837 fkdjeïn¾ 10 ish mshdg hejq ,smshlska' fuu ,smsfhys isxy, mßj¾:kh i|yd n,kak fviauka u,a,sldrÉÑ f.a udlaiajdÈ rpkd fmd;'&
ndysr fjkia ùï fya;=fjka Tyq ;=< cks; jk yeÕSï Tyq idys;H ^Lyrical = Ndj.S;uh& ix.S;h (Overture = m%drïN jdokh& oDYH l,dj ^Bright colours = §ma;su;a j¾Khka wdÈ& rEml wdOdrfhka m%ldY lrhs' udlaia úiska rÑ; lú folla muKla fuys§ b;du;a ir, isxyf,ka fufia olajñ'
uu ks¾NS; f,i igka lrñka
fidhd hñ
uf.a .S;h túg jvd .eUqre
ksoyiska hq;=j kdoj;a fõ'
by< ;,hlg <Õd ùug
uf.a .dhkh Nh fkdfõ
túg uf.a ix.S;h
uqÿ fYdalhlska y~d je<fmhs'
^udlaia tx.,aia lD;ska"1'614'&
wfydaæ ug wjYHj we;af;a
lÿ¿ muKs'
ug wjYH tlu foh o
fuu .S;hg
Tnf.a ijk
muKs'
th Woa§mkh lrñka
Nla;sfhka ms<s.ekSu muKs'
túg th Y=kH;ajh lrd
wÿf¾u uelS hkq we;'
^udlaia tx.,aia lD;ska" 1'165'&
fïjdg w;sf¾lj udlaia ,shQ lú iy ta ms<sn| ú.%yhka rdYshla we;' zzn,dfmdfrd;a;= rys; ñksidf.a hd{djzz —uqyqÿ ëjrhdf.a .S;hzz
—.dkaO¾jhdzz —rd;%S wdorhzz —udkj wNsudkhzz wdÈh fN!;sljdÈ ;reK udlaia f.a iqkaor lú ixl,amkd lsysmhls' iudch fjkia lsÍfï ld¾hh fjkqfjka lú rpkfhka miqj uE;a jqj o Tyq fjkia ùu ÿgqfõ Ndj .S;uh udOHfhks' Tyqf.a ydiH ckl kjl;d flgqïm; tkï —f.dakqiaid iy *S,slaia˜ iy ydiH W;amdol kdgH WodyrK T!,keï j,ska Tyq l,dldñ ;reKfhla j isá nj Tmamq lr we;' fï ksid fN!;sljdÈfhl=g lú ,shkak neye hkak yqÿ oDIaájdÈhla jqj o mrdl%ug th oeÍug we;s whs;sh uu ms<s.ksñ' tfy;a lúh keu;s m%ldrh wdOHd;aujdoh ;=< ysr lsÍu ms<sn|j úfrdaOh m, lsÍu uf.a m%ldYk ksoyils' thg mrdl%u fldä;=jlal=g úreoaO úh fkdyel'
5' lsxia,sf.a iuyr m%Yakj,g mrdl%u ÿka ms<s;=re iy tajdg uf.a m%;spdr ñka bÈßhg fláfhka olajkqfõ mqj;amf;ys bvlv ie,ls,a,g f.khs
lsxia,sf.a m%Yakh(- Tn udlaiajdÈfhla o @
mrdl%u(- yeu ;reKfhla u fudavfhla fkdfõ kï udlaiajdÈfhla'
uf.a m%;spdrh(- fndfyda jeäysáhka fudavhska f,i uefrkafka udlaiajd§ka fkdùfuka$ iy udlaiajdohg ffjr lsÍu ksidfjka iy W.% cd;sjdÈka jk ksidfjka'
lsxia,s(- Tn wehs úYaj úoHd,hg fkd.sfha @
mrdl%u(- úYaj úoHd,hg .shd kï —f.dínfhla" fjk ksid uu .sfha keye'
Y%S ,dxlsl úYaj úoHd,hkag muKla we;=¿j Wmdê ,nd —f.dínhkazz jQ whf.a ,ehsia;=j" m;a;r msgq oyia .Kklska oelaúh yels uq;a lsysm fofkl= f.a kï muKla fuys i|yka lrñ' mrdl%u f.a ysff;Is .=Kodi wurfialr" tÈßùr ir;apkaø" isß .=Kisxy" .=Kmd, u,,fialr" fla ch;s,l" iqpß; .ï,;a" úu,a Èidkdhl" iqkkao ufyakaø o fu,a" jika; Tfífialr" O¾ufiak m;srdc" ;siai wfífialr" ;siai ú;drK" iageka,s ;ïnhshd" .Kkd: Tfífialr" n%eâuka ùrfldaka we;=¿j Y%S ,dxldfõ úYaj úoHd,j,ska Wmdê ,nd .;a —f.dínhskaf.azz ,ehsia;=fõ mrdl%u ke;s nj meyeÈ,sh' ;ud úYaj úoHd,hg fkd.sh fya;=j Tyq olskafka Tyqg f.dínfhla ùug neß ksid h' tfy;a m%Yakh jkafka mrdl%u úYaj úohd,hg hdug f;aß fkd.shd o @ fkdtfia kï fkdf;areKq ksid fkd.shd o hkakhs'
isri remjdysks —fl<ska l:dj" jev igykska fujka —weo˜ woyia mrdl%u m%ldY lsÍu ;=<ska fmkakqï lrkafka Tyq ;=< .%duH ñksil= wrla f.k isák njla o@
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