fo jirl ish md,k ld,h Bg fmr mej;s ish¿ rdcH md,khka f.ka fjkia nj lS Tyq cd;sh uqyqKfok ÿIalr;d §¾> ld,Sk fyda iod;k jYfhka ;uka fkd i<lk nj fmkajd ÿks' mj;sk ÿIalr;d flá ld,Sk h' tajd È.= ld,Sk iuDoaêhlg mßj¾;kh lr .; hq;= h' ;udf.a úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh hkq fudaia;rhlg rgj,a weiqre lsÍula fkd jk nj;a lS Tyq" úi÷ï wrNhd w;ayodne,Sï lsÍug iQodkï ke;s nj;a i|yka flf<a h' z;%ia;jdÈhdz ;%ia;jdÈfhl= jYfhka ye¢kaùug ;uka nh ke;s nj fmkajd ÿka Tyq ,xldfõ ;%ia;jdohg zzwjidk ;s;zz ;eîfï wNsfhda.h ndr.;a tl u md,kh;a fuh nj lS h' ta ud¾.fhka" W;=f¾ ck;dj ;%ia;jdofhka uqojdf.k isxy, ol=Kg ysñ ;ek fou< W;=rg;a ,nd fok njg Tyq m%;s{d ÿks'

ksoyi ,eî 60 jirlg miq rdcH kdhlfhl=f.ka fu jeks meyeÈ<s lsÍula w;HdjYH h' ukao h;a" wfma m%Yakj,g idOkSh úi÷ï lsisjla fï 60 jir ;=< ,eî ke;s ksidfjks' 1948 § ì%;dkHfhka ksoyi ,nd .ekSfï §" fmrÈ. iaúÜi¾,ka;hla ùug fmaù isá YS% ,xldj wo uyd m%md;hl boaorg <Õd ù we;s nj lgql i;Hhhs' fjk lsis lf,lg jvd wo Y%S ,xldj wiu;a rdcHhl w÷re fijke,a,g hg j we;' nyq ixialD;sl iudchl ish¿ mqrjeishkaf.a whs;sjdislï iqrlaIs; flfrk bÈß u.la fj; fï rg fhduq lsÍfï úNjh iys; rdcHhl iajNdjh fl fia úh hq;= ± hs" ksoyiska 60 jirla f.ù we;s wo mjd wmg ksYaÑ; ke;' we;eï idOkhka we;s uq;a" È<s÷ lu msgq±lSfï ix.%dufhka fï rg Èkd ke;' ¥IKh fmrg;a jvd ±jeka; h' wfma lsis m%Yakhlg fï ld,h ;=< ;sridr úi÷ï ,eî ke;' ta fjkqjg hqoaOhla È.a .eiaiSug;a" isxy, ol=Kla iy fou< W;=rla jYfhka iudch úfNaokh ùug;a wm bv yer we;' fï ;;a;ajh ;=<" meyeÈ<s j u" Bg ueÈ jQ uqia,sï ck;dj wfkal ÿla lrorj,g fj;s' fldáka u" iS.% fmrgq.dó wkd.;hl ±lau iu. mEySug fkd yels ñ:Hd w;S;hl iduQysl Ñka;kh ;=< isr ù we;s rgla jYfhka" ksoyfika miq lsis idOkSh ch.%yKhla w;am;a lr .ekSug wm wfmdfydi;a j we;sjd muKla fkd j" 60 jirl wfma u jk md,k ld,hla ;siafia fï ;;a;ajh wm úiska u ;j ;j;a ÿIalr fldg" jvd;a jHdl+, fldg we;af;a h'

jro ndr .ekSu fï wjqf,ka f.dv taug hï t<shla fyda úysÿjkafka kï" jro ldf.a hehs wms lshuq o@ ksielj u" wiu;a rdcHhla ùfï .uk uyskao rdcmlaI wdKavqj úiska fõ.fhka bÈßhg ;,a¨ fldg we;' tfy;a wfma j¾;udk úmf;a mQ¾K j.lSu ckdêm;sjrhd fj; megùu widOdrK h' i;a;lska u fï rg md,kh l< iEu foaYmd,{fhl= u tys j.lSfuka fldgila ±ßh hq;= h' ljo;a idOdrK úi÷ul u. weysrE wka;jd§ fldgia o j.W;a;rlrefjda jkakd y' fl fia fj;;a" j.lSu mejfrkafka foaYmd,{hkag muKla fkd jk nj;a isysm;a l< hq;=j ;sfí' ksoyi Èkd .;a od isg fï rfÜ foaYmd,k b;sydihg j< lemQ il, foaYmd,k kdhlhka iu. fmdÿfõ uq¿ iudch;a" úfYaIfhka úoaj;a iudch;a ta jrfoa fldgialrejka úh hq;= h' È<s÷ lfï .e¨Kq" ¥Is; iy fNao Nskak iudchla njg wfma rg m;aùu .ek fï ljqre;a j.lsj hq;= h' uE; w;S;fha miq .sh úis jil ld,h ;=< isÿ jQ foaYmd,ksl wkqjK lï .ek" 1994 isg j.lsj hq;= weu;s Oqrhla ±rE mqoa.,fhl= jYfhka ud o j.lsj hq;= h' h:djd§ foaYmd,k f,dalfha §" fndfyda wjia:dj," úfgl ±kqj;a j o" úfgl fkd ±kqj;a j o" rfÜ wjYH;djkag u;af;ka uf.a foaYmd,k wjYH;d fmrg .ekSug ug isÿ j we;' fl fia fj;;a" tlsfkld u; jro megùfï l%Svdfjka ±ka m<la ke;' l< hq;af;a" 60 jirl l,a,sjd§ mgq foaYmd,kfhka ñ§ wfma wkd.;h .ek .eUqßka i<ld ne,Sug ±ka j;a fhduq ùu hs'

fï fYaI m;%h ud ,shkafka foaYmd,{fhl= jYfhks' fiiaika" jD;a;Shfõ§ka" úoaj;=ka iy jHdmdßl f,dalh ;u ;ukaf.a m%ùK;ajhka yryd fï lÓldj bÈßhg /f.k hd hq;= j we;' ish¿ ck fldgia wka;¾.%yKh lr .kakd foaYmd,k ixialD;shla f.dvke.Sug wm wiu;a ù ;sfí' rdcH n,h iïnkaOfhka ;ukag;a iqcd; whs;shla we;e hs hk yeÕSu isxy,hka ;=< fia u" fou<" uqia,sï" uef,a iy n¾.¾ wd§ fiiq ck fldgia ;=<;a we;s lsÍug wm wiu;a ù ;sfí' ta fjkqjg isÿ jqfKa" isxy, nyq;rhg ;SrK .ekSfï whs;sh mejÍ fiiq ck fldgia rdcHfhka ÿria lsÍu hs' tla wjia:djl fld,aúka wd¾' o is,ajd md¾,sfïka;=fõ § u;= l<" zztl NdIdjla iy cd;Ska folla o" NdId folla iy tl cd;shla o@zz hk mekh fudk ;rï wod< ± hs wmg jegfykafka wo h' isxy, nyq;rh úiska isxy, NdIdj rdcH NdIdj lsÍug .;a ;SrKh uQ,sl jrola nj wms ms<s.ksuq' fï .ek tia'ví'wd¾'ã' nKavdrkdhl uy;d ±kqj;a j isáfha h' ta wkqj" iq¿ jYfhka jqj;a" fou< NdIdj idOdrK Ndú;hg .ekSu wrNhd f.k wd ixfYdaOk miq j nKavdrkdhl-fp,ajkdh.ï iïuq;sh yryd lr<shg meñKsh yels j ;snqK o" wka;jd§ka f.a ovqwvqjg yiqj th o jH¾: ù .sfha h'

fou< fnÿïjd§ foaYmd,kfhka bkaÈhdj .e,jqfKa fl fia o hkak wmg mdvuls' 1948 § iïu; lr .;a bkaÈhdkq jHjia:djg wkqj ksoyiska wjqreÿ 15 la hk f;la u;a uy wdKavqfõ rdcH NdIdj jqfKa yskaÈ iu. bx.%Sis NdIdj h' tfy;a ;ñ,akdvqfõ fou< foaYmd,kh fï yskaÈ NdId m%;sm;a;sh wNsfhda. lsÍug jka l," øúv uqkafka;% lid.ï mlaIh fjk u rdcHhl isyskh olskag jQ l," fiiq m%dka; rdcHhka ys rdcH NdId ish,a, bka§h uy wdKavqfõ rdcH NdId njg m;a lsÍug bka§h kdhlfhda hqyqiq¿ jQ y' ta wkqj" wo bkaÈhdkq jHjia:dfõ 344 ^1& iy 351 jk j.ka;s hgf;a wg fjks Wmf,aLkh m%ldr j" bka§h uy rchg rdcH NdId 18 la u we;' kQ;k m%cd;ka;%jd§ f,dalfha úYd,;u jd¾.sl taldnoaO;djhla ksfhdackh flfrk rg njg bkaÈhdj m;aj we;af;a t f,i h'

wm tys úreoaO Èidjg .uka l<d muKla fkd j" fou< foaYmd,k m%d¾:kd ;Dma;su;a l< yels j ;snQ iEu idlÉPduh úi÷ula u o wms u.yeßfhuq' 1957 nKavdrkdhl-fp,ajkdh.ï .súiqu levqfKa fou< foaYmd,kh ksid fkd j' vâ,s-fp,ajkdh.ï .súiqu l=Kq l+vhg .sfha o fou< foaYmd,kh ksid fkd j' cd;sl m%Yakhg úi÷ula jYfhka 1997 § iy 2000 § pkaøsld nKavdrkdhl l=udrK;=x. uy;añh .;a ks¾Nh m%h;akhka lvdlmam,a flf<a o fou< foaYmd,kh úiska fkd j' 2004 § t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh iu. idlÉPduh úi÷ulg ;e;a lroa§ rks,a úl%uisxy w.ue;sjrhd f.a wdKavqj fmr¨fõ o fou< foaYmd,kh fkd fõ'

fï ;;a;ajh ;=<" fnÿïjdoh .ek l;d lrk whj¿kag u;la lr Èh hq;= fohla we;' 1977 uy ue;sjrKfha § fjk u rdcHhla i|yd fou< w;s nyq;rh pkaoh mdúÉÑ fldg ;sìh §;a" fou< ksoyia úuqla;s ikaOdkh 1981 § zztalSh rdcHhlazz hgf;a Èia;%sla ixj¾Ok iNd l%uhg tlÕ úh' hdmfka mqia;ld,h .sks ;nd ta wjia:dj;a u.yeßfha fou< foaYmd,kh fkd fõ' oi oyia .Kka Ôú; úkdY ù" oyia .Kkla ñksiqka wx. úl, ù" oyia .Kka ia;%Ska jekaoUqjka ù" ks;H jYfhka u ;j;a ,laI .Kkla orejkag foudmshka wysñ flfrk idmrdë jkaÈhla wo wm f.jkafka ta w;S; mdm l¾u fjkqfjks' z;%ia;jdohz jYfhka ol=K y÷kajk fï foaYmd,k n,fõ.h yuqoduh jYfhka l=vqmÜgï lsÍug ;j u;a wm fjfyiSfuka fmkakqï lrkafka" w;S;fha wm w;ska isÿ jQ jerÈ ms<s.ekSug wfma we;s fkd leue;a;hs' ish¿ ck fldgia wka;¾.%yKh lr .ekSfï foaYmd,k ixialD;shla f.dvke.Sug wfma we;s fkd leue;a;hs' t neúka" 60 jirl b;sydifha jerÈ wo j;a wms ms<s.; hq;= nj uu lshñ' tlai;a ,xldjla ;=< n,h fnod yefrk" ish¨ ck fldgia talrdYS flfrk foaYmd,k m%fõYhla wm ms<s.; hq;= j we;e hs uu lshñ'

foaYmd,k wia:djr;ajh t fia ;sìh § iudc wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh o u.yeÍ ;sîu wks;a miska we;' ksoyiska miq oYlh ;=< ,xldj b;d Yla;su;a Y=NidOk rdcHhla úh' idlaIr;djh w;ska hqfrdamSh uÜgug <Õd ùug ksoyia wOHdmkh yryd wmg yels úh' ÈhqKq f,dalh ;rug wju urK wkqmd;slhla iy Wm;a wkqmd;slhla w;alr .ksñka fi!LH iïmkak iudchla we;s lr .ekSug ksoyia fi!LH fiajh ksid wmg yels úh' jix.; ;=rka úh' ksjdrK fi!LH l%uj;a úh' wo wm bÈßfha we;s wNsfhda.h jkafka" f.da,Sh wd¾Ólfha b,a,Sï bÈßfha wfma rfÜ m%j¾Okhg odhl jkafka fl fia o hkakhs'

úfYaIfhka 1977 újD; wd¾Ólh iy ksoyfia rgg .,d wd úfoaY wdfhdack yuqfõ w,a,i iy ¥IKh rfÜ rc úh' 1994 n,hg m;a ùfuka miq ikaOdk rch ish m%:u mk; jYfhka w,a,ia iy ¥IK fldñiu kS;s.; flf<a h' fl fia fj;;a" th wl%Sh ù we;s ;;a;ajh ;=< ¥IKh Tvqÿjd we;s fyhska mdroDIH Ndjh iy il%Sh hdka;%Khka ta ;;a;ajh ;=< jyd we;s l< hq;= j ;sfí'

wks;a w;g" 1989 isg u" iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh úiska we;s flfrñka ;sfnkafka ÿ¾j, wdKavq h' iEu wdKavqjla u ;u meje;au i|yd" ;uka n,hg m;a l< ck jru fkd ;ld" md¾,sfïka;=fõ uka;%Sjreka f.a mqoa., wjYH;djka ys f.dÿre njg m;afjñka ;sfí' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka wo f,dalfha f,dl= u weu;s uKav,h wmg we;' thska fndfyduhla úreoaO mlaIfha isg jrm%ido iy n,;, fjkqfjka wdKavqjg meñKs msßils' t neúka yÈis wjYH;djhla jYfhka i<ld m%;sm;a;s .rel foaYmd,k ixialD;shla we;s flfrk jHjia:d ixfYdaOk f.k wd hq;= j ;sfí'

wjidk jYfhka jqj;a" jeo.;a u lreK jkafka" wm wo uqyqKfok fndfyda jHdëkays uQ,h jk i¾j n,OdÍ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh ixfYdaOkh fldg tys n,;, lmamdÿ lsÍuhs' 18 jk ishjfia j¾idhs ud<s.fha úiQ uydêrdchka f.a n,;,j,g iudk n,;, iys;j" ck;d wfmalaId fkd ;ld yßñka" rfÜ uQ,H fr.=,dis u.yßñka" cd;sl Okh ksrmrdfoa kdia;s lsÍug ckdêm;sjrhdg yels ù ;sfí' ckdêm;s l%uh mj;ajd .; hq;= kï tys n,;, lmamdÿ fldg" ck;djg j.lshk whqßka ixfYdaOk we;s l< hq;= j ;sfí'

fï ish,a, ms<sn|j ueÈy;a ùfï fudfyd; Wod ù we;' rdcHh foaYmd,kSlrKh ùu iy m%cd;ka;%jd§ ixialD;sh Ldokh ùu jeks úlD;s;d fmr fkd jQ úrE wdldrfhka uq¿ rg u .s, .ksñka ;sfí' rdcHh m%cd;ka;%ShlrKh i|yd foaYmd,k mlaI we;=¿ uq¿ iudch u m%cd;ka;%Sh lrKh úh hq;= j ;sfí' fldáka u" fu muK l,la wm ±rE iy ;ju;a orK wdl,am yryd fï uyd úhjqf,ka f.dvtafï mq¿jka lula ke;' ksoyi jYfhka wm y÷kajk miq .sh 60 jir ;siafia È<s÷ lñka wm ksoyia j ke;' .egqïldÍ jd;djrKfhka wm ksoyia ù ke;' ;ju;a wúµdfjka ksoyia ùug ;sfí' ñ:Hdfjka iy mgq udkisl;ajfhka ksoyia ùug ;sfí'

w;S;fha isrlrejka fkd ù b;sydih .ek wms ±kqj;a fjuq' wkd.;hg fhduq ù" kj Y%S ,xld wkkH;djhla fjkqfjka fmruqK .uq' w;S;fha isÿ jQ jerÈ .ek onr fkd ù" ;ks ;ksfhkq;a" iduQysl j;a" w;S;fha jerÈ ms<sn| iudj Nckh lruq' wfma orejka iy orejka f.a orejka fjkqfjka hym;a fyg ojila f.dvke.Su i|yd mgq foaYmd,k iSud ì|f.k bÈßhg u huq'

kj ksoyia jHdmdrhla i|yd ±ka w;aje,a ne|.uq'
ux., iurùr- ud;r Èia;%sla md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S